by
Charles Bishop, Jr.
Our title for this second edition ol the Bibliography of Alcoholics Anonymous captures, we hope, the spirit of this book. The doors ol AA are very wide. I he Fellowship in ils literature has always emphasized suggestiveness, openmindedness, spiritual serendipily, and progress not perleclion. To Be Continued leaves pienly of room /or the grace at God and human imper(cation loqelher; allows ample space for growth while assuming the experience, strength, and hope of the pas(.
Since the (irsl edition in 19S9, this work has grown immensely. Thus, we were bold enough to call this book a World bibliography. New chapters on foreign public:alions, ephemera, electronic mediums and works in progress plus over 2,900 citations, double the number in ihe first edition, remind one of ihat wonderlui phrase from the firsl edition [2nd Ihru 16th prinlings, p. 394] of the Big Book, -the warp and woof of A.A. everywhere.
Looking at the Ihousands of works here, one is immediately impressed by the sheer quantity ot what's here and, even more, one stands in awe of what's not here. The new chapter on Tapes about AA only selects some 200 tapes from the hundreds of thousands of tapes recorded around the wosld for tf)e past 50 plus years. Our new chapters on Foreign Publications, Ephemera, and TY-Films are nothing more than a hint of a whisper. They only suggest beginnings. Perhaps others will reve up their computers and launcti safaris into these virgin lands. Right now, this author is drained.
Overall, Ihis edition holds nver 2,900 citations, double the first edition listings but while publications from non-AA sources reflects that, Ihe lilesalure from AA ifsell, Conlerence-approved and Grapevine malerial, has not grow rriassively. It is obvious Ihat the foundations of AA remain unchanged since the l 939 puhlication at Alcoholics Anonymous, the Big Book. Clearly, the history, ideology, spirituality, principles, philosophy, and tellowship of AA remain rock-solid. There have been no changes in the Three Legacies of Recovery, Unity, arid Service: the Twelve Steps, Traditions and Concepls. The basic texts of AA, the Big Book, The Service Manual. The Twelve Steps * Twelve Tradilions. Alcoholics Anonymous Corner nf Age: A Brief History of A.A.. etc., have not been revised. They have withslood Ihe tesl of lime and
Y
r
again almest aiS been cnolivaied by a deep loving passion d'or their spiritual roots. This author ha5 IftBlntained contact professionally with the vast majority ot litem. Ooe is impressed that the temptations of money, povror and prestige have not seduced them. Many have been AA area archivists with',n the service structure and labored long without pay or pride or power to preserve and pass on local AA history.
This new river of books is in no way a criticism of AA itself since the General Service Office, ibad Archives, or the Grapevine wouid not be able to publish these books without breaking Traditions or sfepping into opinions on ouhide issues tn mentiori but two reasons. And one can atso note thai none of these new books have challenged any at the Fellowship's Three Legacies. Ta ibad contrary, they have deepened their appreciation and strengthened the historical documentation of them.
Turning to another area worthy of comment, (his bibliography documents a long-standinq iri::fion between ihe language of AA and the language Outsiders use lo describe and discuss lhc Fellowship. An explosive example: an AA oldtimer lolci this auihor he didn't attend AA meetings any more because of aH the -pychobabble and talk about drugs and dually-addicted everything under the sun but alr.oholism. He was voicing in traditiona! oldtimers biunt language the unwelcome intrusion into AA of outside intluences and definitions of the Fellowship.
One of the difficullies we lac-ed in ttie index to this bibliography was, choice of index terms. While we leaned heavily toward Fellowship language, often we were confronted by scientific terms from the schelarly cornrnunity and the cherriivat dependency treatment;ndustry which really lai! to respect AA's definition at itself as a -Fellowship and a Society. YCien a sr.hotar in a Ph.D. dissertation labels or defines AA a tfherapy or a treatment, a great injustice is dene boih to AA and to the iexactitudes fhe academic community espouses. When a client in a <-lieirnicai depende.nay fre;.imeni faciiity is labeled dvaiiy-addic:led,-is if any worider fhat the lient-AA rieweomer attending his first Feiliowship meetings introduces himself tibet way arid aciually believes AA'5 membership is open to nial only alcoholic but also drug addicts, ovetreators, and persons with any other ddiction. Although the term ref:erral is co...monthly used in the F.I!ovzship, orie question: whether, as nnany oldtimers in AA have, it has replaced AA's Twelflb Step. When a Qadi member of AA wriiez about the religious nature of AA's Twelve Steps, he obviausiy does not undersiand ihe distin<:lion belween reiigion
and spirituality. idumeWUS BllSUAifCFSt8fldlBgS b01%e.tali AA Bfld th&
X1
the anvil o1 experience frnrn new generaiions of Feilowship members and limni bien found wanting. New publications from AA include fhe Daily Reffections meditation book, the Grapevine (ndex, and others, but ihese hold no new primary principles. Work on the projected Wintery ol AA book has been put on the back burner d'or tao years, this after three different sets of author: brought it through various drafts. The difficutty of getting this full-scale history o1 the Fellowship into a final draft and published c:ertainly has concerned Ihe General Service GonferenG8 Of A.A. ior sverai years. One ¿vonders what the practical and spiritual holdups on this book are, and, al the same lime, arixiousiy await its appearaflce.
Deli, if no nea, h'.slorical works have come from A.A., this is certainly not the case with an exciting, dyr.amic, spiritual group of authors who are expanding and deepening and preserving AA's histery, both inside and nutside the A.A. service structure.
il ail started wiih Erriesl Kurtz, Ph.D. who was given full access
la the A.A. Archives. in 1919 his book, NOT-GOD: A History of
Alcoholics Anonymous, was published. Although other studies of AA
history and its development preceded his, none had the explosive impact
his did. NOT-GOD now stands as the defir¿ttive history of AA to dale,
although Kurtz wouid be the firsl tn reieot the detinilive adjective.
NOT-GOD has become the inspiration for all the new arehivists of the
Fellowship. The iloodgates were opened and a river of books has
flowed (orth! Original research, interpretalions of AA ideology, past
experiences from AA ofdtimers, biographies at foundiag members,
histories of AA in local area...the list is long. V/e now live in the most
exciting times d'or AA history i,,ce the founding years!
Books about Sister tgnatia, Fellowship slogans and prayers,
the Washingtonians, the Oxford Greup, Sam Shnemaker, early AA history, AA oldtirners, histories nt AA in Washington, Oreqon, West Virqinia, Arizona, etc., interpreialions of AA's Twelve Steps, reprinls of the Big Book and its eariy stories, bibliographies, concordances, etc.... these are all documented in this bibliography along with a new chapter on forthcoming Works in Progress.
One is immediately impressed with ttie authorship almost universally [with exceplions, of course] characterized by respeci for AA's Tradiiions, especially anonymity. The authors of ali these new voiumes have lett out Iheir last names if they are AA members or not reveaied their Fellowship membership if they hBVO USOd their full names. They have
,X
Today, Blelnibefship if' A¿A is @holist iwo r¿niiiionn svoridwtde. AA conducts lriannual surveys of its ovm membership. Alihougl) ihe hard 4ata from ttie surveys is but a sampling, our interpretation at it suggests AA in the United States may be declining for the first time in its history. Literature sales and Grapevine subscriplions have definitely dropped. Greup contributions to GSO are down. Woridwide, AA's growth continues to be astounding, especially in Latin and South America. And 1or the first time in its history, there are probably more AA members au(side the U.S. than inside. One survey queslien revealed thai out of 100 newcomers, only 4 to 6 were able to raaintain their newfound sebriety for a year. The vast majority stripped! This v¿as not the case in AA's early years.
One needs to remember that counting heads, demographics, the niumberz game, etc., is not a science in AA. The Fellowship does Il Ol slave membership lists, not all AA groups are registered, not all members belong to a home group. Quanl.'fying AA is like counting the siraws in a haystack; at Des! you'll get a questimaie. That's beoause the Fellowship itself is spiritual and net measurable by scientific, material means. Once one realizes that, one can see the folly of some scientific, scholarly works m this b.'b!iography .vhich base a Ph.D. thesis on a sampling of Z8 or even 200 AA members.
Research on AA shou!0 be apr>ro,*abed ginnie!ly. The underlyiCt 3 dilficuliies of applying thee scieniiiic method io spirituaiily should give every scholar great pause. if a scientist were to ask an AA oldtirner how AA works, the answer Just flite'! CD Uld be expected. We don't know if the academic community has yet futly accepted the great sc:entit:c fact thai AA works. This is not la suggesl schoiariy research en AA is a rwn-productive etfort.
AA has always had iis c:ritics, vie d(3C:UOlf Bt d LIOW WVC- Of t)OOkS
wtiich promole their aiternaiives io @.A. by riding on AA's coaliaiis. Looking at the i,ilationa on the iaew rational recovery books, one questions the need for li4erri to promote themselves by teariag down AA. Historically, AA has never ielt the need to defend itself in lhe public arena and has always viewed such critics vvith Tenlh Tradition tolerance
A cari o! worms was operie¿1 in 198'i when the louie loss a(!tie copyright on the first edition of the Big Book was discovered. Later, the second ediiion was ala@ discovered to be in the public domain. Subsequenliy AA engaged a legal firm and began reviewing all its copyrights. The circle-and-triangle symbol used on all A.A. Conterence
courls, treatment facitilies, Ihe academic community, the ministry, and other professionals have hurl both groups.
These influences from lb' outside world do enter the Fellowship an4 cause has',a disunity. Clerl>, AA does not exist in a vacuum. A long-standing tradition of Being Friendly with Our Friends as well as Traditions Six, 1 en and others reseals Ihat AA kooves this. This volume
points oui s;ome of Ihes;e misdeliriitions and friction points in numerous
citaiions. What is cie- rly rieeded is for ii e professional community-al-larqe to accept AA for vrhal il is arid not fu redefinne it. More importantly, ii should ice ebvious that AA needs to Twelfth-Step the protessional community with its own message of what it i and is r,ot.
We have fried to respect tlirt spirit of arionyrnity in this book. Alter all, it's hait our name! as AA members say. When an AA member breaks the Eleventh Tradition, behave not hidden that anonymity break. However, vue laced a sort of a diiemma concerning iislings from the NCCA's B(ue Books. These annual antholoqiez trorre the National Clergy Conference on Alcoholism contained many fine articles v,riften usually by Catholic clergy in AA who u.-ed their full names in print. The Blue Books were never published for public saic and had very limited press runs for NCCA members and lieads of mostly Catholic religious orders and seminaries only. Aimost everynne was an AA member. But they might be of service to researchers in the academic and reiigious fieids. We felt thai listing the authors' luli names would be breaking their anonymity on our part so we dropped the last names and iisted them under their tirsl name and fast initial.
The Tradition of Anonymity has been hammered out on the anvil of experience and there are numerous citations before the Traditions were accepted of authorship by Bill Wilson, Marty Mann, and others. Atler the tradition was established, aoonyrriily breaks in citations are noied. Today anonymity breaks seem more prevalent among public figures from the enlerlainment industry, sports, poiitics, and the gay community. One of the latesl gurus, a prominent speaker, has suggested it might be time tor AA to shed its old-fashioned anonymity tradition because most ol the past stigma about alcoholism has been eradicated. A front-page article from a gay newspaper printed during Ihe A.A. Inl'l Convention in Seatlle in l 990 suggested there was nothing to be ashameC ol and it was time for AA to come out of the closet. This bibliography documents the opposite: overwhelmingly, AA members who write about AA do nol break their anonymily.
X11
approved Literature was trademarked. Some private firms producing medallions and other gitl ilems refused to stop using the circle-and-triangle and AA sued them. Clearly, AA tiling lega( actions in a public court of law brought about discussion immediately of the Tenth Tradition. The recent General Service Conference of A.A. has corrected the situation by ordering the cessation ot those legal actions.
The incident ic important here [or two reasons. First, it illustrates
AA's ability to correct itself through the group conscience. Second, one questions whether all the private reprints of AA literalure [tisied in this bibliographyJ no longer owned by AA have really done AA any harm. Recently, a private firm brought out an abridged Big Book, the tirst 1 64 pages, and it sold like wildfire. AA tollowed suit with its own short edition, perhaps more in response to this outside publishing than it might like to admit. Certainly these events invoiving AA literature have provoked much discussion of the Traditions and of Steps Four through Nine.
The birth and growth of other anonymous groups using the Twelve Steps modified to their particutar problem is evident in the catalogs of recovery publishers and on the shelves of recovery sections in many nationally-franchised or chain bookstores. Much of that material is not appropriate here but some has been listed where comparisons are made with AA.
We hope this bibliography is of service. This author would like to thank his co-author, Bill Piitman, for his contributions, some of which did not make the first edition but are naw present. We welcome your comments, compliments and criticisms. Servus, Thank you!
To Be Continued by Charles Bishop, Jr. Our title for this second edition ol the Bibliography of Alcoholics Anonymous captures, we hope, the spirit of this book. The doors ol AA are very wide. I he Fellowship in ils literature has always emphasized suggestiveness, openmindedness, spiritual serendipily, and progress not perleclion. To Be Continued leaves pienly of room /or the grace at God and human imper(cation loqelher; allows ample space for growth while assuming the experience, strength, and hope of the pas(. Since the (irsl edition in 19S9, this work has grown immensely. Thus, we were bold enough to call this book a World bibliography. New chapters on foreign public:alions, ephemera, electronic mediums and works in progress plus over 2,900 citations, double the number in ihe first edition, remind one of ihat wonderlui phrase from the firsl edition [2nd Ihru 16th prinlings, p. 394] of the Big Book, -the warp and woof of A.A. everywhere. Looking at the Ihousands of works here, one is immediately impressed by the sheer quantity ot what's here and, even more, one stands in awe of what's not here. The new chapter on Tapes about AA only selects some 200 tapes from the hundreds of thousands of tapes recorded around the wosld for tf)e past 50 plus years. Our new chapters on Foreign Publications, Ephemera, and TY-Films are nothing more than a hint of a whisper. They only suggest beginnings. Perhaps others will reve up their computers and launcti safaris into these virgin lands. Right now, this author is drained. Overall, Ihis edition holds nver 2,900 citations, double the first edition listings but while publications from non-AA sources reflects that, Ihe lilesalure from AA ifsell, Conlerence-approved and Grapevine malerial, has not grow rriassively. It is obvious Ihat the foundations of AA remain unchanged since the l 939 puhlication at Alcoholics Anonymous, the Big Book. Clearly, the history, ideology, spirituality, principles, philosophy, and tellowship of AA remain rock-solid. There have been no changes in the Three Legacies of Recovery, Unity, arid Service: the Twelve Steps, Traditions and Concepls. The basic texts of AA, the Big Book, The Service Manual. The Twelve Steps * Twelve Tradilions. Alcoholics Anonymous Corner nf Age: A Brief History of A.A.. etc., have not been revised. They have withslood Ihe tesl of lime and Y r again almest aiS been cnolivaied by a deep loving passion d'or their spiritual roots. This author ha5 IftBlntained contact professionally with the vast majority ot litem. Ooe is impressed that the temptations of money, povror and prestige have not seduced them. Many have been AA area archivists with',n the service structure and labored long without pay or pride or power to preserve and pass on local AA history. This new river of books is in no way a criticism of AA itself since the General Service Office, ibad Archives, or the Grapevine wouid not be able to publish these books without breaking Traditions or sfepping into opinions on ouhide issues tn mentiori but two reasons. And one can atso note thai none of these new books have challenged any at the Fellowship's Three Legacies. Ta ibad contrary, they have deepened their appreciation and strengthened the historical documentation of them. Turning to another area worthy of comment, (his bibliography documents a long-standinq iri::fion between ihe language of AA and the language Outsiders use lo describe and discuss lhc Fellowship. An explosive example: an AA oldtimer lolci this auihor he didn't attend AA meetings any more because of aH the -pychobabble and talk about drugs and dually-addicted everything under the sun but alr.oholism. He was voicing in traditiona! oldtimers biunt language the unwelcome intrusion into AA of outside intluences and definitions of the Fellowship. One of the difficullies we lac-ed in ttie index to this bibliography was, choice of index terms. While we leaned heavily toward Fellowship language, often we were confronted by scientific terms from the schelarly cornrnunity and the cherriivat dependency treatment;ndustry which really lai! to respect AA's definition at itself as a -Fellowship and a Society. YCien a sr.hotar in a Ph.D. dissertation labels or defines AA a tfherapy or a treatment, a great injustice is dene boih to AA and to the iexactitudes fhe academic community espouses. When a client in a <-lieirnicai depende.nay fre;.imeni faciiity is labeled dvaiiy-addic:led,-is if any worider fhat the lient-AA rieweomer attending his first Feiliowship meetings introduces himself tibet way arid aciually believes AA'5 membership is open to nial only alcoholic but also drug addicts, ovetreators, and persons with any other ddiction. Although the term ref:erral is co...monthly used in the F.I!ovzship, orie question: whether, as nnany oldtimers in AA have, it has replaced AA's Twelflb Step. When a Qadi member of AA wriiez about the religious nature of AA's Twelve Steps, he obviausiy does not undersiand ihe distin<:lion belween reiigion and spirituality. idumeWUS BllSUAifCFSt8fldlBgS b01%e.tali AA Bfld th& X1 the anvil o1 experience frnrn new generaiions of Feilowship members and limni bien found wanting. New publications from AA include fhe Daily Reffections meditation book, the Grapevine (ndex, and others, but ihese hold no new primary principles. Work on the projected Wintery ol AA book has been put on the back burner d'or tao years, this after three different sets of author: brought it through various drafts. The difficutty of getting this full-scale history o1 the Fellowship into a final draft and published c:ertainly has concerned Ihe General Service GonferenG8 Of A.A. ior sverai years. One ¿vonders what the practical and spiritual holdups on this book are, and, al the same lime, arixiousiy await its appearaflce. Deli, if no nea, h'.slorical works have come from A.A., this is certainly not the case with an exciting, dyr.amic, spiritual group of authors who are expanding and deepening and preserving AA's histery, both inside and nutside the A.A. service structure. il ail started wiih Erriesl Kurtz, Ph.D. who was given full access la the A.A. Archives. in 1919 his book, NOT-GOD: A History of Alcoholics Anonymous, was published. Although other studies of AA history and its development preceded his, none had the explosive impact his did. NOT-GOD now stands as the defir¿ttive history of AA to dale, although Kurtz wouid be the firsl tn reieot the detinilive adjective. NOT-GOD has become the inspiration for all the new arehivists of the Fellowship. The iloodgates were opened and a river of books has flowed (orth! Original research, interpretalions of AA ideology, past experiences from AA ofdtimers, biographies at foundiag members, histories of AA in local area...the list is long. V/e now live in the most exciting times d'or AA history i,,ce the founding years! Books about Sister tgnatia, Fellowship slogans and prayers, the Washingtonians, the Oxford Greup, Sam Shnemaker, early AA history, AA oldtirners, histories nt AA in Washington, Oreqon, West Virqinia, Arizona, etc., interpreialions of AA's Twelve Steps, reprinls of the Big Book and its eariy stories, bibliographies, concordances, etc.... these are all documented in this bibliography along with a new chapter on forthcoming Works in Progress. One is immediately impressed with ttie authorship almost universally [with exceplions, of course] characterized by respeci for AA's Tradiiions, especially anonymity. The authors of ali these new voiumes have lett out Iheir last names if they are AA members or not reveaied their Fellowship membership if they hBVO USOd their full names. They have ,X Today, Blelnibefship if' A¿A is @holist iwo r¿niiiionn svoridwtde. AA conducts lriannual surveys of its ovm membership. Alihougl) ihe hard 4ata from ttie surveys is but a sampling, our interpretation at it suggests AA in the United States may be declining for the first time in its history. Literature sales and Grapevine subscriplions have definitely dropped. Greup contributions to GSO are down. Woridwide, AA's growth continues to be astounding, especially in Latin and South America. And 1or the first time in its history, there are probably more AA members au(side the U.S. than inside. One survey queslien revealed thai out of 100 newcomers, only 4 to 6 were able to raaintain their newfound sebriety for a year. The vast majority stripped! This v¿as not the case in AA's early years. One needs to remember that counting heads, demographics, the niumberz game, etc., is not a science in AA. The Fellowship does Il Ol slave membership lists, not all AA groups are registered, not all members belong to a home group. Quanl.'fying AA is like counting the siraws in a haystack; at Des! you'll get a questimaie. That's beoause the Fellowship itself is spiritual and net measurable by scientific, material means. Once one realizes that, one can see the folly of some scientific, scholarly works m this b.'b!iography .vhich base a Ph.D. thesis on a sampling of Z8 or even 200 AA members. Research on AA shou!0 be apr>ro,*abed ginnie!ly. The underlyiCt 3 dilficuliies of applying thee scieniiiic method io spirituaiily should give every scholar great pause. if a scientist were to ask an AA oldtirner how AA works, the answer Just flite'! CD Uld be expected. We don't know if the academic community has yet futly accepted the great sc:entit:c fact thai AA works. This is not la suggesl schoiariy research en AA is a rwn-productive etfort. AA has always had iis c:ritics, vie d(3C:UOlf Bt d LIOW WVC- Of t)OOkS wtiich promole their aiternaiives io @.A. by riding on AA's coaliaiis. Looking at the i,ilationa on the iaew rational recovery books, one questions the need for li4erri to promote themselves by teariag down AA. Historically, AA has never ielt the need to defend itself in lhe public arena and has always viewed such critics vvith Tenlh Tradition tolerance A cari o! worms was operie¿1 in 198'i when the louie loss a(!tie copyright on the first edition of the Big Book was discovered. Later, the second ediiion was ala@ discovered to be in the public domain. Subsequenliy AA engaged a legal firm and began reviewing all its copyrights. The circle-and-triangle symbol used on all A.A. Conterence courls, treatment facitilies, Ihe academic community, the ministry, and other professionals have hurl both groups. These influences from lb' outside world do enter the Fellowship an4 cause has',a disunity. Clerl>, AA does not exist in a vacuum. A long-standing tradition of Being Friendly with Our Friends as well as Traditions Six, 1 en and others reseals Ihat AA kooves this. This volume points oui s;ome of Ihes;e misdeliriitions and friction points in numerous citaiions. What is cie- rly rieeded is for ii e professional community-al-larqe to accept AA for vrhal il is arid not fu redefinne it. More importantly, ii should ice ebvious that AA needs to Twelfth-Step the protessional community with its own message of what it i and is r,ot. We have fried to respect tlirt spirit of arionyrnity in this book. Alter all, it's hait our name! as AA members say. When an AA member breaks the Eleventh Tradition, behave not hidden that anonymity break. However, vue laced a sort of a diiemma concerning iislings from the NCCA's B(ue Books. These annual antholoqiez trorre the National Clergy Conference on Alcoholism contained many fine articles v,riften usually by Catholic clergy in AA who u.-ed their full names in print. The Blue Books were never published for public saic and had very limited press runs for NCCA members and lieads of mostly Catholic religious orders and seminaries only. Aimost everynne was an AA member. But they might be of service to researchers in the academic and reiigious fieids. We felt thai listing the authors' luli names would be breaking their anonymity on our part so we dropped the last names and iisted them under their tirsl name and fast initial. The Tradition of Anonymity has been hammered out on the anvil of experience and there are numerous citations before the Traditions were accepted of authorship by Bill Wilson, Marty Mann, and others. Atler the tradition was established, aoonyrriily breaks in citations are noied. Today anonymity breaks seem more prevalent among public figures from the enlerlainment industry, sports, poiitics, and the gay community. One of the latesl gurus, a prominent speaker, has suggested it might be time tor AA to shed its old-fashioned anonymity tradition because most ol the past stigma about alcoholism has been eradicated. A front-page article from a gay newspaper printed during Ihe A.A. Inl'l Convention in Seatlle in l 990 suggested there was nothing to be ashameC ol and it was time for AA to come out of the closet. This bibliography documents the opposite: overwhelmingly, AA members who write about AA do nol break their anonymily. X11 approved Literature was trademarked. Some private firms producing medallions and other gitl ilems refused to stop using the circle-and-triangle and AA sued them. Clearly, AA tiling lega( actions in a public court of law brought about discussion immediately of the Tenth Tradition. The recent General Service Conference of A.A. has corrected the situation by ordering the cessation ot those legal actions. The incident ic important here [or two reasons. First, it illustrates AA's ability to correct itself through the group conscience. Second, one questions whether all the private reprints of AA literalure [tisied in this bibliographyJ no longer owned by AA have really done AA any harm. Recently, a private firm brought out an abridged Big Book, the tirst 1 64 pages, and it sold like wildfire. AA tollowed suit with its own short edition, perhaps more in response to this outside publishing than it might like to admit. Certainly these events invoiving AA literature have provoked much discussion of the Traditions and of Steps Four through Nine. The birth and growth of other anonymous groups using the Twelve Steps modified to their particutar problem is evident in the catalogs of recovery publishers and on the shelves of recovery sections in many nationally-franchised or chain bookstores. Much of that material is not appropriate here but some has been listed where comparisons are made with AA. We hope this bibliography is of service. This author would like to thank his co-author, Bill Piitman, for his contributions, some of which did not make the first edition but are naw present. We welcome your comments, compliments and criticisms. Servus, Thank you!
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